Resilient Housing Design for Tsunami Prone Andaman and Nicobar Islands in India

Human settlement along coastal areas has grown dramatically over the last two decades. Unfortunately, coastal areas are prone to natural disasters caused by climate change and tectonic shifts underwater in the adjacent water bodies, resulting in loss of life and property. Tsunami is a form of natural disaster which occurs because of earthquakes under oceans and seas creating large waves which flood or wash out any coastal cities or islands located in the area impacted. In 2004 the Indian Ocean Tsunami had an enormous impact on the coastal cities in Southeast Asia causing loss of thousands of lives and making millions homeless. One region that bore the worst impacts of this tsunami was the Andaman and Nicobar Islands in India, located in the Bay of Bengal. Rehousing for those who lost their houses was the biggest post disaster issue as these islands were completely washed out. People built temporary housing until they moved to permanent houses, which took about two years to develop. The temporary houses built by the disaster stuck population were unsustainable. Being an island town, natural disasters such as tsunami due to tectonic shifts or rising water levels globally could reoccur bringing even more damage. This thesis addresses the development of a resilient house as a solution for preventing homelessness caused by coastal natural disasters and act as an informative guide for houses that are to be built to make them resilient to similar natural disasters. Resilient housing is a viable solution to reduce the loss of housing post a disaster and to protect human lives through the disaster. This proposed prototype design of the core and shell of the house which is resilient and based on the characteristics of the region is based on studying and analyzing existing research in the field of tsunami\u27s and their impact. This thesis takes into account the climate of the region and has features that ensure better comfort levels. The development of this thesis involved a study of Tsunami and its impacts, social aspects of the study area, relationship between structures and their resilience to Tsunami, the regulatory requirements of the government regarding incorporation of resilience in building design, a climate characterization of the region. This was followed by an analysis of the information gathered, based on which a prototype design of a house resilient to impacts of Tsunami has been proposed

Dragging DD mesons by hot hadrons

We evaluate the drag and diffusion coefficients of a hot hadronic medium consisting of pions, nucleons, kaons and eta using open charm mesons as a probe. The interaction of the probe with the hadronic matter has been treated in the framework of effective field theory. It is observed that the magnitude of both the transport coefficients are significant, indicating substantial amount of interaction of the heavy mesons with the thermal hadronic system. The results may have noticeable impact on the experimental observable like the suppression of single electron spectra originating form the decays of heavy mesons in nuclear collisions at relativistic energies.Comment: One Latex and three eps files, form factor effects include

A Study On Applications And Techniques Of Surface Re- Construction

This paper describes a general method for automatic reconstruction of accurate, concise, piecewise smooth surfaces from unorganized 3D points. Instances of surface reconstruction arise in numerous scientific and engineering applications, including reverseengineering, the automatic generation of CAD models from physical objects etc. Previous surface reconstruction methods have typically required additional knowledge, such as structure in the data, known surface genus, or orientation information. In contrast, the method outlined in this paper requires only the 3D coordinates of the data points. From the data, the method is able to automatically infer the topological type of the surface, its geometry, and the presence and location of features such as boundaries, creases, and corners. The surface reconstruction method has three major phases: Initial surface estimation, Mesh optimization, and piecewise smooth surface optimization. In this paper emphasis has been given on the initial surface estimation

Environmental laws and restrains of criminal sanctions in India

The Issue Protection of environment has become one of the major global issues in 21st century. Man\u27s conquest over the nature and his capacity to manipulate his environment through scientific and technological accomplishment has made him callous not only toward himself but towards other living creatures, plants, living organisms and macro-organisms. The technological advancement and economic developments have brought comforts to many, but unfavourable to our ecosystem in many ways. There are different kind of pollutions such as Water pollution, Air Pollution, Environmental pollution, Soil pollution, Oceanic pollution, food pollution, fossil fuel pollution etc. Many contaminations mixed in solid form and liquid form in water and gaseous form with the air caused Ozan depletion and global warming in the earth. In June 1992 the World Community met at the Earth Summit held in Rio de Janerio, is also known as Rio Convention to formulate new global policies to deal with the environmental degradation and to protect, promote and conserve the environment. The developed countries should help the developing countries in conservation and preservation of environment. The process of rapid industrialization, increasing population, imbalances in economic activities and exploitation of natural resources have resulted in environmental crisis in India. So this paper tries to find out the necessary legal sanctions for the polluters who are sole responsible to pollute our environment

Environmental laws and restrains of criminal sanctions in India

The Issue Protection of environment has become one of the major global issues in 21st century. Man\u27s conquest over the nature and his capacity to manipulate his environment through scientific and technological accomplishment has made him callous not only toward himself but towards other living creatures, plants, living organisms and macro-organisms. The technological advancement and economic developments have brought comforts to many, but unfavourable to our ecosystem in many ways. There are different kind of pollutions such as Water pollution, Air Pollution, Environmental pollution, Soil pollution, Oceanic pollution, food pollution, fossil fuel pollution etc. Many contaminations mixed in solid form and liquid form in water and gaseous form with the air caused Ozan depletion and global warming in the earth. In June 1992 the World Community met at the Earth Summit held in Rio de Janerio, is also known as Rio Convention to formulate new global policies to deal with the environmental degradation and to protect, promote and conserve the environment. The developed countries should help the developing countries in conservation and preservation of environment. The process of rapid industrialization, increasing population, imbalances in economic activities and exploitation of natural resources have resulted in environmental crisis in India. So this paper tries to find out the necessary legal sanctions for the polluters who are sole responsible to pollute our environment

Environmental laws and restrains of criminal sanctions in India

The Issue Protection of environment has become one of the major global issues in 21st century. Man\u27s conquest over the nature and his capacity to manipulate his environment through scientific and technological accomplishment has made him callous not only toward himself but towards other living creatures, plants, living organisms and macro-organisms. The technological advancement and economic developments have brought comforts to many, but unfavourable to our ecosystem in many ways. There are different kind of pollutions such as Water pollution, Air Pollution, Environmental pollution, Soil pollution, Oceanic pollution, food pollution, fossil fuel pollution etc. Many contaminations mixed in solid form and liquid form in water and gaseous form with the air caused Ozan depletion and global warming in the earth. In June 1992 the World Community met at the Earth Summit held in Rio de Janerio, is also known as Rio Convention to formulate new global policies to deal with the environmental degradation and to protect, promote and conserve the environment. The developed countries should help the developing countries in conservation and preservation of environment. The process of rapid industrialization, increasing population, imbalances in economic activities and exploitation of natural resources have resulted in environmental crisis in India. So this paper tries to find out the necessary legal sanctions for the polluters who are sole responsible to pollute our environment

Traditional Conservation of Buffalo Breed by Pastoralists through Maintaining of Grassland Ecosystem, Banni-Kachchh, Gujarat-India

Banni region, situated at 23019’N to 23052’N to 68056’E to70032’E, comprises around 25,00 sq.km area under Bhuj taluka of Kutch district of Gujarat state, is home of Muslim nomadic pastoralists and Meghwal Hindus. Banni is situated in Arid climate, with high temperature in most of time which reached maximum up to 480C -500C during May June. Pastoral community, call themselves Maldhari, in Banni region depends on Banni Grassland for the raring of their livestock mainly Banni Buffalo which registered as 11th buffalo breed of India in 2011. Maldharis even rearing unique Kankarej Cattle for Milk Production and selling bullocks in Saurashtra region of Gujarat. Pastoral life style in Banni, promote pluralistic culture to stay united by respecting traditions of each community. Strong association with animals and nature, made them sensitive to grassland ecosystem therefore, they have been able to developed livestock rearing practices which are more ecologically sustainable. This paper attempts to understand the pastoral life of Maldharis as essential for breeding, marketing and sustainable use of resources particularly commons